Questions for tomorrow's internal exam.
| QUESTIONS 07 |
| QUESTIONS 07 |
PART – A
1. What is OS?
An operating system is software, consisting of programs and data that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software.
Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
2. What is single processor?
It is a processor that has only one core, so it can only start one operation at a time. It can however in some situations start a new operation before the previous one is complete. Originally all processors were single core.
To improve efficiency, processors commonly utilize pipelines internally, which allow several instructions to be processed together; however, they are still consumed into the pipeline one at a time. Multi core processors were introduced later, when increasing the clock speeds further was too hard. These new multi core processors are two processing units combined into one.
3. What are the methods of operating system structure?
The processor unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
5. What is meant by system calls?
A system call is how a program requests a service from an operating system's kernel that it does not normally have permission to run. System calls provide the interface between a process and the operating system. Most operations interacting with the system require permissions not available to a user level process, e.g. I/o performed with a device present on the system, or any form of communication with other processes requires the use of system calls.
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1. What is OS?
An operating system is software, consisting of programs and data that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software.
Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
2. What is single processor?
It is a processor that has only one core, so it can only start one operation at a time. It can however in some situations start a new operation before the previous one is complete. Originally all processors were single core.
To improve efficiency, processors commonly utilize pipelines internally, which allow several instructions to be processed together; however, they are still consumed into the pipeline one at a time. Multi core processors were introduced later, when increasing the clock speeds further was too hard. These new multi core processors are two processing units combined into one.
3. What are the methods of operating system structure?
- HARDWARE: All those I/O peripherals and
all physical elements of a system.
- KERNEL: The bottom-most layer of software present on a machine and the
only one with direct access to the hardware. *The code in the kernel is the most
'trusted' in the system - and all requests to do anything significant must go
via the kernel. It provides the most key facilities and functions of the
system.*
- OUTER OS: These perform less critical functions - for example, the graphics system which is ultimately responsible
for what you see on the screen.
- INTERFACE: The interface provides a mechanism for you to interact with the
computer.
- APPLICATIONS:
These are the things which do the actual work. (For example Office or simple (for
example the “ls” command commonly found on unix and Linux systems that lists files
in a directory or folder).
The processor unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
5. What is meant by system calls?
A system call is how a program requests a service from an operating system's kernel that it does not normally have permission to run. System calls provide the interface between a process and the operating system. Most operations interacting with the system require permissions not available to a user level process, e.g. I/o performed with a device present on the system, or any form of communication with other processes requires the use of system calls.
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